Michel Aoun's presidency (2016-2022) represents a complex and often turbulent chapter in Lebanon's history. From his early career as a military leader to his eventual ascension to the highest office in the land, Aoun's journey has been marked by both fervent support and staunch opposition. This article delves into the life and political career of Michel Aoun, examining his impact on Lebanon, the challenges he faced during his presidency, and the controversial legacy he leaves behind.
From Military Commander to Political Figure
Born in 1935, Michel Aoun's early career was in the Lebanese Armed Forces, rising to the position of Commander of the Army. His time in the military was marked by both achievements and controversy, particularly during the latter stages of the Lebanese Civil War. In 1988, he was appointed Prime Minister of a transitional government, a period that further solidified his position as a key political figure.
The "War of Liberation" and Exile
Aoun's "War of Liberation" against Syrian forces in Lebanon in 1989-1990 marked a significant turning point. While seen by some as a courageous stand against foreign influence, others criticized it for prolonging the civil war and causing further devastation. Following the war, Aoun sought refuge in France, where he remained in exile for 15 years.
Return to Lebanon and the Free Patriotic Movement
Aoun's return to Lebanon in 2005 following the Cedar Revolution marked a new phase in his political career. He founded the Free Patriotic Movement (FPM), a Christian political party that quickly gained popularity. Aoun's focus on Lebanese sovereignty, political reform, and combating corruption resonated with many citizens disillusioned by the existing political establishment.
A Tumultuous Presidency
Michel Aoun's election as President in 2016, after a two-year presidential vacuum, was hailed by his supporters as a victory. However, his presidency faced numerous challenges, including:
Economic Crisis:
Lebanon's economic woes deepened significantly during Aoun's term, culminating in a severe financial crisis marked by hyperinflation, currency devaluation, and widespread poverty. The government's handling of the crisis drew widespread criticism.
Beirut Port Explosion:
The devastating explosion at the Beirut port in 2020, which resulted in massive loss of life and destruction, further exacerbated Lebanon's woes. The government's perceived inaction and alleged corruption in the lead-up to the explosion fueled public anger and protests.
Political Gridlock and Sectarianism:
Lebanon's deeply entrenched sectarian political system continued to hamper progress during Aoun's presidency. Political gridlock and infighting among different factions hindered efforts at much-needed reforms.
Relationship with Hezbollah
Aoun's alliance with Hezbollah, a powerful Shia political party and militant group, has been a defining feature of his political career and presidency. This alliance, while strategically important for Aoun in securing the presidency, has also been a source of controversy, particularly given Hezbollah's regional role and its involvement in conflicts like the Syrian Civil War.
Legacy and Criticisms
Michel Aoun's legacy as President is complex and contested. While his supporters view him as a strong leader who championed Lebanese sovereignty and fought against corruption, his critics point to his role in exacerbating political divisions, his alliance with Hezbollah, and his government's perceived failures in addressing the country's economic and social woes. The ongoing economic crisis and the aftermath of the Beirut port explosion are significant stains on his presidential record.
Looking Ahead
As Lebanon navigates its ongoing challenges, Michel Aoun's influence on the country's political landscape continues to be felt. The future trajectory of Lebanese politics will undoubtedly be shaped, in part, by the legacy of his presidency. Whether that legacy will ultimately be viewed positively or negatively remains a subject of debate and will likely depend on the perspective of those assessing it.