When the forecast calls for snow, ice, or frigid temperatures, it's crucial to understand the difference between a winter weather watch, advisory, and warning. These alerts are designed to give you ample time to prepare and take necessary precautions to ensure your safety and well-being.
Understanding Winter Weather Alerts
Winter Weather Watch
A winter weather watch means that conditions are favorable for a significant winter storm event to occur within the next 24 to 48 hours. It's a time to review your emergency plans, gather supplies, and stay informed about changing weather conditions.
Winter Weather Advisory
A winter weather advisory indicates that winter weather conditions are expected to cause significant inconveniences and may pose a hazard to some. Exercise caution, especially while traveling.
Winter Weather Warning
A winter weather warning signifies that severe winter weather conditions are occurring or imminent. This is a serious situation that requires immediate action. Stay indoors unless absolutely necessary, and follow safety guidelines from local authorities.
Types of Winter Weather Hazards
Blizzards
Blizzards are characterized by heavy snow, strong winds (at least 35 mph), and reduced visibility (less than ¼ mile) for an extended period (typically three hours or more). Blizzards can create whiteout conditions, making travel extremely dangerous.
Ice Storms
Ice storms occur when freezing rain accumulates on surfaces, coating everything in a layer of ice. This can lead to power outages, downed trees, and treacherous road conditions. Even a small amount of ice accumulation can cause significant damage.
Extreme Cold
Extreme cold, often accompanied by strong winds, can lead to frostbite and hypothermia. Exposed skin can freeze in minutes, and prolonged exposure to cold temperatures can be life-threatening.
Lake Effect Snow
In regions near large lakes, cold air passing over relatively warm lake water can generate intense bands of snow known as lake effect snow. These localized snow squalls can produce heavy snowfall rates and rapidly changing visibility.
Preparing for a Winter Storm
Build an Emergency Kit
A well-stocked emergency kit is essential for weathering a winter storm. Include items like:
- Flashlight with extra batteries
- First-aid kit
- Canned or non-perishable food and a manual can opener
- Bottled water
- Blankets or sleeping bags
- Extra clothing and warm layers
- Cell phone charger and a portable power bank
- Rock salt or sand for traction
- Shovel
Prepare Your Home
Winterize your home by insulating pipes, checking for drafts, and stocking up on firewood or other heating fuel. Ensure your heating system is functioning correctly and have a backup plan in case of power outages.
Prepare Your Vehicle
If you must travel during a winter storm, ensure your vehicle is properly equipped with:
- Snow tires or chains
- Jumper cables
- Ice scraper and snow brush
- Sand or kitty litter for traction
- Full tank of gas
- Emergency kit (see above)
Staying Safe During a Winter Storm
Stay Indoors
The safest place to be during a winter storm is indoors. Avoid unnecessary travel and heed warnings from local authorities.
Dress in Layers
If you must go outside, dress in warm layers and cover exposed skin. Wear a hat, gloves, and scarf to prevent heat loss.
Conserve Energy
During power outages, conserve energy by closing off unused rooms and limiting the use of electronic devices.
Check on Neighbors
Check on elderly or vulnerable neighbors to ensure they are safe and have the necessary supplies.
After the Storm
Clear Snow and Ice Safely
When clearing snow, take frequent breaks to avoid overexertion. Use proper lifting techniques to prevent back injuries.
Beware of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Never use a generator or other gasoline-powered equipment indoors. Ensure proper ventilation to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning.
Report Downed Power Lines
Report downed power lines to your local utility company immediately. Do not approach or touch downed power lines.
Staying Informed
Stay informed about changing weather conditions by monitoring weather reports on radio, television, or online. Sign up for weather alerts from the National Weather Service or your local emergency management agency.